1950 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

Events

• Charles Olson publishes his seminal essay, Projective Verse. In this, he called for a poetry of "open field" composition to replace traditional closed poetic forms with an improvised form that should reflect exactly the content of the poem. This form was to be based on the line, and each line was to be a unit of breath and of utterance. The content was to consist of "one perception immediately and directly (leading) to a further perception". This essay was to become a kind of de facto manifesto for the Black Mountain poets.
• George Oppen and his wife, Mary, move from the United States to Mexico, where their links to Communism are less problematic.
• In the fall, the Beloit Poetry Journal is founded.
• Pioneer Press founded in Jamaica^[1]
• St. Lucia Arts Guild founded by Derek Walcott and Roderick Walcott^[1]

Works published in English

Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:

Canada

• Dorothy Livesay, Call My People Home, Canada^[2]
• James Wreford Watson, Of Time and the Lover (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart).^[3]

India, in English

• Sri Aurobindo, Savitri ( Poetry in English ), Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram^[4]
• R. Bhagavan, Poems ( Poetry in English ), the author's first book of poems, Calcutta: Writers Workshop; India .^[5]
• Doreen W. Wickremasinghe, editor, Poems of East & West, Colombo: Colombo Apothecaries Co., 170 pages; anthology; Ceylon (now Sri Lanka),^[6]

New Zealand

• Ursula Bethell, Collected Poems, Christchurch: Caxton Press (posthumous)^[7]
• Alistair Campbell, Mine Eyes Dazzle, Christchurch: Pegasus Press, including "The Return" and "Elegy"
• M. K. Joseph, Imaginary Islands^[8]
• Kendrick Smithyman, The Blind Mountain, Caxton
• Hubert Witheford, The Shadow of the Flame^[8]

United Kingdom

• W. H. Auden, Collected Shorter Poems 1930-1944, published March 9; English poet living in the United States at this time^[9]
• George Barker, The True Confession of George Barker^[10]
• Basil Bunting, Poems: 1950^[9]
• Norman Cameron, Forgive Me, Sire, and Other Poems^[9]
• Walter de la Mare, Inward Companion, published in October^[9]
• Robert Duncan, The Mongrel, and Other Poems^[9]
• David Gascoyne, A Vagrant, and Other Poems^[9]
• Robert Gittings, Wentworth Place.^[11]
• John Heath-Stubbs and David Wright, editors, The Forsaken Garden: An Anthology of Poetry 1824-1909
• John Heath-Stubbs, The Swarming of the Bees^[9]
• Mervyn Peake, The Glassblowers^[9]
• James Reeves, The Wandering Moon^[9]
• Jon Silkin, The Portrait, and Other Poems^[9]
• Stevie Smith, Harold's Leap^[9]

United States

• W. H. Auden, Collected Shorter Poems 1930-1944^[12] (English poet living at this time in the United States)
• E. E. Cummings, XAIPE: 71 Poems^[12]
• Leah Bodine Drake, A Hornbook for Witches
• Robert Duncan, Medieval Scenes^[12]
• Richard Eberhart, An Herb Basket^[12]
• Robert Lowell, Poems 1938–1949^[13]
• Mid-Century American Poets, an anthology including poets who came to prominence in the 1940s, including Robert Lowell, Muriel Rukeyser, Karl Shapiro, Elizabeth Bishop, Theodore Roethke, Randall Jarrell, and John Ciardi
• Theodore Morrison, The Dream of Alcestis^[12]
• Howard Nemerov, Guide to the Ruins^[12]
• John Frederick Nims, A Fountain in Kentucky^[12]
• Ezra Pound, Seventy Cantos
• Carl Sandburg, Complete Poems^[12]
• Delmore Schwartz, Vaudeville for a Princess^[12]
• William Jay Smith, Celebration at Dark^[12]
• Wallace Stevens, The Auroras of Autumn, includes "The Auroras of Autumn," "Large Red Man Reading," "In a Bad Time," "The Ultimate Poem Is Abstract," "Bouquet of Roses in Sunlight," "An Ordinary Evening in New Haven," and "A Primitive Like an Orb"), Knopf^[14]
• Peter Viereck, Strike Through the Mask! New Lyrical Poems^[12]
• Richard Wilbur, Ceremony and Other Poems, New York: Reynal and Hitchcock^[10]
• William Carlos Williams, The Collected Later Poems

Other in English

• Nancy Cato, The Darkened Window, Australia

Works published in other languages

Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:

France

• Aimé Césaire,Corps perdu, Martinique author published in France; Paris: Fragrance
• René Char, Les Matinaux^[15]
• Jean Follain, Chef-Lieu^[16]
• Jean Grosjean, Hypotases^[16]
• Henri Michaux, Passages^[15]
• Raymond Queneau, Petite cosmogonie portative^[15]
• Tristan Tzara, pen name of Sami Rosenstock, Parler seul^[15]

Germany

• Berthold Brecht writes the Children's Hymn, a poem protesting what he felt was Nazi corruption of the Deutschlandlied.

Hebrew

• Haim Gouri, Ad A lot Ha-Shahar ("Till Dawn"), poetry and war diary, Israeli writing in Hebrew^[17]
• Hillel Omer (who wrote under the name "Ayin Hillel"), Eretz Ha-Tzohorayim ("The Noon Country"), Publisher: Sifriat Poalim; Israel

India

Listed in alphabetical order by first name:

• Bhagvati Charan Varma, Tara, Hindi verse play^[18]
• Bhatt Damodar Kesavaji, pen name Sudhansu Ramasagar, Indian, Gujarati^[18]
• Buddhidhari Singha, Aves, Maithili^[18]
• Khalilur Rahman, A'inah Khane men, Urdu^[18]
• Madhunapantula Satyanarayanashastri, Andhra Racayitalu, Telugu-language poet (surname: Satyanarayanashastri)^[18]
• Rentala Gopalakrishna, Sangharsana Telugu^[18]
• Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Cirkut, Bengali^[18]
• Sreedhara Menon, Srirekha, Malayalam^[18]

Other languages

• García Baena, Antiguo Muchacho ("Boy of Yore"); Spain^[19]
• Alexander Mezhirov, Коммунисты, вперёд! ("Communists, Ahead!"), includes the title poem, which was first published in 1948; reprinted 1952^[20]
• Nizar Qabbani, You Are Mine, Syrian poet writing in Arabic

Awards and honors

• Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress (later the post would be called "Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress"): Conrad Aiken appointed this year.
• Harriet Monroe Prize from Poetry magazine: E.E. Cummings
• National Book Award for Poetry: William Carlos Williams, Paterson: Book III and Selected Poems
• Pulitzer Prize for poetry: Gwendolyn Brooks, Annie Allen
• Bollingen Prize: Wallace Stevens
• Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets: E. E. Cummings
• Canada: Governor General's Award, poetry or drama: Of Time and the Lover, Charles Wreford Watson ^[21]

Births

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• February 6 – Deborah Digges (died 2009), American poet and academic^[22]
• April 4 – Charles Bernstein, American poet, critic, editor and teacher
• April 28:
  • Carolyn Forché, American poet, editor, and human rights advocate
  • Brian Brett, Canadian poet and novelist
• May 9:
  • Christopher Dewdney, avant-garde Canadian poet
  • Jorie Graham American poet and the editor of numerous volumes of poetry
• June 21 – Anne Carson, Canadian poet, essayist, translator, and academic
• July 1 – Ekram Ali, Indian Bengali poet and critic
• August 8 – Philip Salom, Australian poet and novelist
• August 12 – Medbh McGuckian, Northern Ireland poet
• September 1 – John Forbes (died 1998), Australian
• September 30 – Shaunt Basmajian (died 1990), Canadian
• October 24 – Syed Kawsar Jamal Indian Bengali poet and essayist
• December 24 – Dana Gioia, American poet who retired early from his career as a corporate executive at General Foods to write full time and later became chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts

• Also:
  • Anthony J. Bennett, Australian^[23]
  • Joanne M. Braxton, African American
  • Frances Chung
  • Theodore Deppe
  • Susan L. Helwig
  • Edward Hirsch American poet and academic
  • T. R. Hummer, American
  • Rodney Jones, American poet and academic
  • Dimitri Kraniotis, Greek dancer and poet living in France
  • William Logan (poet), American poet, critic and academic
  • Kim Maltman Canadian poet and physicist
  • E. Ethelbert Miller, African American
  • Wayne Scott Ray
  • Stan Rogal
  • Kenneth Sherman
  • Sandy Shreve
  • Nicolette Stasko, American-born Australian poet, teacher and editor; has a daughter with David Brooks
  • Arthur Sze
  • Chase Twichell, American poet and owner of her own publishing company, Ausable Press
  • John Yau, American poet and critic
  • Komninos Zervos (also known as "kominos"), Australian performance poet

Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• March 5 – Edgar Lee Masters (born 1868), American poet, biographer and dramatist
• May 4 – William Rose Benét, American poet, writer, editor, and the older brother of Stephen Vincent Benét
• May 20 – John Gould Fletcher, Pulitzer Prize-winning American, Imagist poet and author
• August 27 – Cesare Pavese (born 1908) Italian poet, novelist, literary critic and translator
• October 19 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, 58 (born 1892), of a heart attack;
• September 17 – Hoshino Tenchi 星野天知 (born 1862), Meiji period poet and martial arts master; a co-founder of Bungakukai literary magazine; 8th Grand Master and a teacher of the Yagyu Shinkage-ryu martial-arts school (surname: Hoshino)
• December 5 – Sri Aurobindo (Bengali: শ্রী অরবিন্দ Sri Ôrobindo) (born 1872), Indian nationalist, poet, Yogi and spiritual Guru who wrote mostly in English
• December 26 – James Stephens, Irish poet and novelist
• Also:
  • Khavirakpan (born 1895), Indian, Manipuri-language poet^[18]
  • Xavier Villaurrutia, Mexican poet and dramatist

See also

• Poetry
• List of poetry awards
• List of years in poetry

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry" in Williams, Emily Allen, Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography, page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 9780313317477, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009
2. ^ Roberts, Neil, editor, A Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry, Part III, Chapter 3, "Canadian Poetry", by Cynthia Messenger, Blackwell Publishing, 2003, ISBN 978-1-4051-1361-8, retrieved via Google Books, January 3, 2009
3. ^ "Of Time and the Lover / James Wreford [Watson], 1950," Historical Perspectives on Canadian Publishing, McMaster.ca, Web, Apr. 21, 2011.
4. ^ Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 313, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint), ISBN 8126011963, retrieved August 6, 2010
5. ^ Lal, P., Modern Indian Poetry in English: An Anthology & a Credo, p 182 Calcutta: Writers Workshop, second edition, 1971 (however, on page 597 an "editor's note" states contents "on the following pages are a supplement to the first edition" and is dated "1972")
6. ^ Joshi, Irene, compiler, "Poetry Anthologies", "Poetry Anthologies" section, "University Libraries, University of Washington" website, "Last updated May 8, 1998", retrieved June 16, 2009. Archived 2009-06-19.
7. ^ Web page titled "Ursula Bethell / New Zealand Literature File" at the University of Auckland Library website, accessed April 30, 2008
8. ^ ^{a b} Web page titled "The Contemporary Scene" in An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 website, accessed April 21, 2008
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Cox, Michael, editor, The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-860634-6
10. ^ ^{a b} M. L. Rosenthal, The New Poets: American and British Poetry Since World War II, New York: Oxford University Press, 1967, "Selected Bibliography: Individual Volumes by Poets Discussed", pp 334-340
11. ^ Gittings, Robert William Victor (1911–1992), poet and writer in ODNB online (subscription required)
12. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." — from the Preface, p vi)
13. ^ Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair, editors, The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, W. W. Norton & Company, 1973, ISBN 0-393-09357-3
14. ^ Web page titled "Wallace Stevens (1879 - 1955)" at the Poetry Foundation website, retrieved April 9, 2009. Archived 2009-05-04.
15. ^ ^{a b c d} Auster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 ISBN 0-394-52197-8
16. ^ ^{a b} Bree, Germaine, Twentieth-Century French Literature, translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983
17. ^ ITHL.org.il, Web page titled "Haim Gouri" at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature Web site, accessed October 6, 2007
18. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-81-7201-798-9, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008
19. ^ Debicki, Andrew P., Spanish Poetry of the Twentieth Century: Modernity and Beyond, University Press of Kentucky, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8131-0835-3, retrieved via Google Books, November 21, 2009
20. ^ Shrayer, Maxim, "Aleksandr Mezhirov", p 879, An Anthology of Jewish-Russian Literature: Two Centuries of Dual Identity in Prose and Poetry, publisher: M.E. Sharpe, 2007, ISBN 0-7656-0521-X, ISBN 978-0-7656-0521-4, retrieved via Google Books on May 27, 2009
21. ^ "Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards", Canada Council. Web, Feb. 10, 2011. http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf
22. ^ Schworm, Peter, "Tufts mourns acclaimed poet, professor", Boston Globe, April 14, 2009, retrieved April 16, 2009. Archived 2009-05-04.
23. ^ "Anthony J. Bennett". Kardoorair Press. Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829020155/http://www.kardoorair.com.au/authors/tonybennett.html. Retrieved 2007-05-14.